# Quotations

Quotes or extracts of five or more sentences in length are set as block quotes and retain internal quotation marks, original spelling, and original punctuation as they appear in the source text. If you’re quoting a quote, do not include double quotes around the text, but keep any interior single quotes (when applicable). In addition to indenting the entire quote, leave one blank line between the beginning and end of the quote. The quote should be followed by a footnote.&#x20;

Note that quoted material may not use the same abbreviations or serial commas that we do. Keep the quote exactly as it appears in the original source. We query authors about spelling errors and italics, but if we can't reach the author and are positive that we are dealing with a typo, we change it. Try to find the original source in this case. Don't change spelling in quotes from older sources (i.e, pre-1900). Note that block quotes are not preceded by colons if doing so would impede the flow of the sentence. Follow the block quote with a footnote number.

## **Examples**

**Excerpts from the publication:**

<figure><img src="https://1884260440-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M7tOcbDL7rh-Huddsdt%2Fuploads%2FbPXyFQQglduLjRrwPu6C%2FScreenshot%202022-12-09%20at%202.04.12%20PM.png?alt=media&#x26;token=f2051fbc-5daf-4707-a711-d3588d458b86" alt=""><figcaption><p> From <em>Heading for the Last Roundup: The Saga of Glyphosate and What It Means for the GMO Science Wars</em> by Edward Millar and Cliff Conner, Vol. 25, no. 2.</p></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://1884260440-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M7tOcbDL7rh-Huddsdt%2Fuploads%2Fhk7YYIuXLrr9f0g56nQz%2FScreenshot%202022-12-09%20at%207.02.42%20PM.png?alt=media&#x26;token=fb19c175-c4b7-4057-b4d2-1c4b53a0a7d4" alt=""><figcaption><p>From <em>Cooperatives Fail to Alleviate Community Poverty</em> by Josephine Chinele, Vol. 24, no. 3<br></p></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://1884260440-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M7tOcbDL7rh-Huddsdt%2Fuploads%2FxqQy7saKxGfdLY6npo0a%2FScreenshot%202022-12-09%20at%207.06.39%20PM.png?alt=media&#x26;token=bf68ad08-e244-4341-8a9d-bbd965f75edd" alt=""><figcaption><p>From <em>Making Metaphors Into Models: “The Tragedy of the Commons” and the Scientization of Competition and White Supremacy</em> by Tegan Morton, Vol. 24, no 3.</p></figcaption></figure>

## Foreign words and phrases

_Phrases_: In general, if it's commonly used in English, don't italicize it or put it in quotes (ex.: de facto, ipso facto, ad nauseam).\


_British spelling_: Retain British spelling only for capitalized words (ex.: Labour Party) or quoted material.\
